What is the standard of proof in civil cases?

• A. Beyond reasonable doubt
• B. Clear and convincing evidence
• C. Balance of probabilities
• D. Preponderance of the evidence

Answer: (C)

In civil cases the claim is proven if the evidence shows it is more likely true than not. This is known as the balance of probabilities: if the probability that the claim is true is greater than 50%, the claimant wins. You don’t have to prove something beyond doubt, just more likely than not.

This differs from criminal cases, where the standard is beyond reasonable doubt, a much higher threshold. A higher civil threshold like clear and convincing evidence exists in some specific contexts, but the default civil standard is simply tipping the scales in favor of the claim. In practice, if the evidence barely tips toward one side, that side wins.